Question 1

What are route guards in Angular?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Developers who have routes working and now need to control who can go where — assumes basic routing knowledge. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then 📌 Interview term: callouts. The call order in section 5 is real output from compiling the example with ngc on Angular 22.2.3 and navigating with Router.navigateByUrl; it is not reconstructed from documentation. ## 1. Why This Even Matters — A Story

Question 2

How do functional route guards and lazy loadComponent work in modern Angular?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Developers using standalone components and lazy routes who want to know exactly what downloads when — assumes you know [route guards](/interview-question/what-are-route-guards-in-angular) and [lazy loading](/interview-question/how-does-routing-and-lazy-loading-work-in-angular). **Difficulty:** Medium to Hard > **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then 📌 Interview term: callouts. Every "loader called" line below was printed by a real loader function

Question 3

What are security vulnerabilities in Angular apps, and how does DomSanitizer prevent XSS?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Angular developers preparing for security questions; no security background assumed. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewer listens for. Sections 4 and 5 quote output from running both examples on Angular 22.2.3 (the first in AOT and playground modes, identical output). The CSP, XSRF and SSR findings came from a CLI 22.2.3 buil

Question 4

What is Angular Universal / SSR?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Developers who know basic Angular components and want to understand server-side rendering — no Node.js server experience required. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewer listens for. The HTML in section 5 was produced by renderApplication from @angular/platform-server 22.2.3 and then hydrated in jsdom;

Question 5

What is the difference between ElementRef, TemplateRef, and ViewContainerRef?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Developers preparing for an Angular interview who have seen these three types in constructor or inject() calls and want a precise mental model of each, plus how they combine. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then 📌 Interview term: callouts. Every "Verified" block was compiled with ngc (strict templates) on Angular 22.2.3 and run; DOM snippets are the real innerHTML / outerHTML

Question 6

Why use Renderer2 instead of direct DOM access?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Developers preparing for an Angular interview who have reached for document or nativeElement inside a directive and want the real, verifiable reasons to use Renderer2, and its limits. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then 📌 Interview term: callouts. Browser behaviour was verified by compiling with ngc on Angular 22.2.3 and running in jsdom; server behaviour with @

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