Q: useAttrs() vs $attrs — how do you handle fallthrough attributes in composition API?

**Target Audience:** Vue developers moving to ` ` and the Composition API. Assumes you know what [fallthrough attributes ($attrs)](/interview-question/what-are-fallthrough-attributes-attrs) are; that sibling question covers the inheritance rules themselves. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewer listens for. Every output in the "Verifi

Question 1

How do defineProps and defineEmits work in <script setup>?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue 3 developers using `<script setup>` who want to understand the two macros they write in almost every component.
**Difficulty:** Easy

> **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then `📌 Interview term:` callouts. All compiled output and compiler errors come from `@vue/compiler-sfc` 3.5.44 `compileScript()`; runtime logs from a two-component app compiled the same way and mounted in jsdom; type errors from `vue-tsc` 3.3.13.

## 1. Why This Even Matters — A Story Fir

Question 2

How do you make provide/inject type-safe?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers using TypeScript. Assumes you know what [provide and inject](/interview-question/what-are-provide-and-inject) do; this doc is only about typing them. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewer listens for. The type errors quoted here are the real output of vue-tsc 3.3.13 on Vue 3.5.44, and the runtime ou

Question 3

What is a Vue plugin?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers who install libraries with `app.use()` and want to write their own.
**Difficulty:** Medium

> **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then `📌 Interview term:` callouts. The plugin, the component that uses it and `main.js` were bundled with esbuild and run in jsdom on Vue 3.5.44; every log line and warning below is that run's real output. API availability was checked against the published `@vue/runtime-core` type definitions.

## 1. Why This Even Matte

Question 4

How do you handle forms and validation in Vue?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Anyone preparing for a Vue interview who knows [how v-model works on inputs](/interview-question/how-does-v-model-work-on-form-inputs) — no form library experience required. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewer listens for. Every output was produced on Vue 3.5.44 by mounting the components in jsdom with the repo verifier and

Question 5

How do you use TypeScript with Vue (typed props, emits, refs, vue-tsc)?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers adopting TypeScript, or TypeScript developers new to Vue's single file components.
**Difficulty:** Medium

> **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then `📌 Interview term:` callouts. Every type error below is real output from `vue-tsc` 3.3.13 with TypeScript 5.9 and `strict: true`; compiled output comes from `@vue/compiler-sfc` 3.5.44; runtime behaviour and warnings come from mounting the components in jsdom on Vue 3.5.44; the `vite build` result is

Question 6

What is keep-alive in Vue?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Developers who know components and [dynamic components](/interview-question/how-do-dynamic-components-work) and want to keep state across switches. **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewer listens for. Every hook log and warning below was produced by compiling and mounting the code on Vue 3.5.44 in jsdom with the repo's ver

Question 7

What is useTemplateRef() (Vue 3.5) and how does it improve on ref=""?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers who already use template refs and want to know what changed in 3.5. The general rules for refs (timing, `v-for`, component instances) are in [accessing a DOM element or child component instance](/interview-question/how-do-you-access-a-dom-element-or-child-component-instance). **Difficulty:** Medium > **How to read this doc:** Ideas are explained in plain language first, then tagged with 📌 Interview term: so you also learn the words an interviewe

Question 8

What is defineExpose() and why are <script setup> components closed by default?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers who know template refs and are moving from the Options API to `

Question 9

How do you add global properties or config?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers setting up an app's entry file, or migrating `Vue.prototype` code from Vue 2.
**Difficulty:** Medium

> **How to read this doc:** Plain language first, then `📌 Interview term:` callouts. The runtime output below came from bundling the example (`main.js` plus three SFCs) with esbuild and running it in jsdom on Vue 3.5.44; the TypeScript errors came from `vue-tsc` 3.3.13 with `strict: true`.

## 1. Why This Even Matters — A Story First

Think of an office build

Question 10

useAttrs() vs $attrs — how do you handle fallthrough attributes in composition API?

Accepted Answer

**Target Audience:** Vue developers moving to `

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Easy